French Homophones

In the August 1969 issue of Word Ways, J. A. Lindon introduced the concept of a homophone -- a sentence whose sound is such that it can be written down and interpreted as regards meaning in two distinct ways. The following French homophones were proposed by Alphonse Allais

An experiment in combining two text generators

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture.Dans le cadre de la définition d'une architecture de référence pour la Génération de Textes, l'article décrit les problèmes rencontrés en combinant deux systèmes de génération a priori complémentaires, l'un traitant le Quoi dire ?, l'autre le Comment le dire

Deux dictionnaires informatisés de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier, leurs ultimes travaux

Notre article décrit la structure des ressources lexicales Les Verbes Français (LVF) et le Dictionnaire Électronique des Mots (DEM) élaborées pendant plusieurs années par Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier. Nous suggérons ensuite des utilisations possibles de ces ressources pour le traitement automatique de la langue (TAL). Compte-tenu du fait que LVF a déjà fait l'objet de plusieurs travaux au cours des dernières décennies, nous insistons sur le DEM, une ressource linguistique particulièrement mal connue qui peut être considérée comme la synthèse des travaux lexicographiques de Dubois et Dubois-Charlier. Le DEM souffre d’être resté inachevé, mais son extension peu commune (près de 150 000 entrées) et surtout ses corrélations avec LVF en font une source de données lexicales de premier ordre pour la linguistique du français et pour le TAL. Nous présentons de nouvelles versions du LVF et du DEM au format JSON avec une nouvelle interface de consultation de ces dictionnaires. Nous espérons de la sorte favoriser la diffusion de ces ressources lexicales auprès de la communauté des chercheurs en lexicologie, en lexicographie et en TAL.This paper presents the structure of two French lexical resources, Les Verbes Français (LVF) and Dictionnaire Électronique des Mots (DEM), created over many years by Jean Dubois and Françoise Dubois-Charlier. Applications of these resources for Natural Language Processing (NLP) are then sketched. Given the fact that LVF has already been studied quite extensively over the last decades, DEM is described in details as it can be considered as the synthesis of the lexicographic works of Dubois and Dubois-Charlier. DEM was unfortunately left as a work in progress, but its extension (almost 150 000 entries) and especially its links with LVF constitute an important French lexical resource for NLP applications. A new JSON based format of LVF and DEM is also presented with an integrated query interface. This should promote the use of these resources by researchers in lexicology, lexicography and NLP

Improving Document Exchanges in the Supply Chain

Abstract. In order to help businesses to communicate fruitfully, we present a solution based on ontology alignment for integrating business documents. We focus on detecting and resolving semantic conflicts encountered during the integration process due to different terminologies used in xCBL, cXML and RosettaNet. Our contribution is to benefit from research in the ontology alignment area and considered as empirical study to test if alignment solution can overcome the heterogeneity problems between business systems. As case study, we apply alignment on purchase order ontologies, a common task of the supply chain

Generating indicative-informative summaries with SumUM

We present and evaluate SumUM, a text summarization system that takes a raw technical text as input and produces an indicative informative summary. The indicative part of the summary identifies the topics of the document, and the informative part elaborates on some of these topics according to the reader's interest. SumUM motivates the topics, describes entities, and defines concepts. It is a first step for exploring the issue of dynamic summarization. This is accomplished through a process of shallow syntactic and semantic analysis, concept identification, and text regeneration. Our method was developed through the study of a corpus of abstracts written by professional abstractors. Relying on human judgment, we have evaluated indicativeness, informativeness, and text acceptability of the automatic summaries. The results thus far indicate good performance when compared with other summarization technologies

TransSearch: from a bilingual concordancer to a translation finder

Abstract As basic as bilingual concordancers may appear, they are some of the most widely used computer-assisted translation tools among professional translators. Nevertheless, they still do not benefit from recent breakthroughs in machine translation. This paper describes the improvement of the commercial bilingual concordancer TransSearch in order to embed a word alignment feature. The use of statistical word alignment methods allows the system to spot user query translations, and thus the tool is transformed into a translation search engine. We describe several translation identification and postprocessing algorithms that enhance the application. The excellent results obtained using a large translation memory consisting of 8.3 million sentence pairs are confirmed via human evaluation

The design and building of ENCHERE,a distributed electronic marketing system

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Npas4: Linking Neuronal Activity to Memory

Immediate-early genes (IEGs) are rapidly activated after sensory and behavioral experience and are believed to be crucial for converting experience into long-term memory. Neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), a recently discovered IEG, has several characteristics that make it likely to be a particularly important molecular link between neuronal activity and memory: it is among the most rapidly induced IEGs, is expressed only in neurons, and is selectively induced by neuronal activity. By orchestrating distinct activity-dependent gene programs in different neuronal populations, Npas4 affects synaptic connections in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, neural circuit plasticity, and memory formation. It may also be involved in circuit homeostasis through negative feedback and psychiatric disorders. We summarize these findings and discuss their implications.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH091220-01